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<h2 id="Go语言基础练习二"><a href="#Go语言基础练习二" class="headerlink" title="Go语言基础练习二"></a>Go语言基础练习二</h2></blockquote>
<p>以下是笔者学习Go语言基础的代码随笔，延续了练习一中的数据类型、变量常量申明，以及Go 语言的几种运算符。</p>
<h3 id="变量申明"><a href="#变量申明" class="headerlink" title="变量申明"></a>变量申明</h3><p><strong>第一种，指定变量类型，如果没有初始化，则变量默认为零值</strong>。</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> v_name v_type</span><br><span class="line">v_name = value</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<a id="more"></a>

<p><strong>第二种，根据值自行判定变量类型。</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> v_name = value</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>第三种，省略 var, 注意 \</strong>:=** 左侧如果没有声明新的变量，就产生编译错误，格式：**</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">v_name := value</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="多变量声明"><a href="#多变量声明" class="headerlink" title="多变量声明"></a>多变量声明</h3><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//类型相同多个变量, 非全局变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> vname1, vname2, vname3 <span class="keyword">type</span></span><br><span class="line">vname1, vname2, vname3 = v1, v2, v3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> vname1, vname2, vname3 = v1, v2, v3 <span class="comment">// 和 python 很像,不需要显示声明类型，自动推断</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vname1, vname2, vname3 := v1, v2, v3 <span class="comment">// 出现在 := 左侧的变量不应该是已经被声明过的，否则会导致编译错误</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 这种因式分解关键字的写法一般用于声明全局变量</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> (</span><br><span class="line">    vname1 v_type1</span><br><span class="line">    vname2 v_type2</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="Go-语言运算符"><a href="#Go-语言运算符" class="headerlink" title="Go 语言运算符"></a>Go 语言运算符</h3><p>运算符用于在程序运行时执行数学或逻辑运算。</p>
<p>Go 语言内置的运算符有：</p>
<ul>
<li>算术运算符</li>
<li>关系运算符</li>
<li>逻辑运算符</li>
<li>位运算符</li>
<li>赋值运算符</li>
<li>其他运算符</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="练习代码"><a href="#练习代码" class="headerlink" title="练习代码"></a>练习代码</h2><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span 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class="line">150</span><br><span class="line">151</span><br><span class="line">152</span><br><span class="line">153</span><br><span class="line">154</span><br><span class="line">155</span><br><span class="line">156</span><br><span class="line">157</span><br><span class="line">158</span><br><span class="line">159</span><br><span class="line">160</span><br><span class="line">161</span><br><span class="line">162</span><br><span class="line">163</span><br><span class="line">164</span><br><span class="line">165</span><br><span class="line">166</span><br><span class="line">167</span><br><span class="line">168</span><br><span class="line">169</span><br><span class="line">170</span><br><span class="line">171</span><br><span class="line">172</span><br><span class="line">173</span><br><span class="line">174</span><br><span class="line">175</span><br><span class="line">176</span><br><span class="line">177</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// TODO -&gt; 并发、map、切片、类型转换、循环、条件语句</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* Go数据类型、变量常量申明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//var a string = "Runoob"</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//var bool bool = true</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//var b string</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//b = "sapphire"</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//var c = "spr"</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(<span class="string">"first Go: "</span> + <span class="string">"hello world!"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//fmt.Print(c)</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//const申明常量</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">const</span> a, b = <span class="number">100</span>, <span class="string">"gogogo"</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(b)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//声明一个变量并初始化方式</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//方式1</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> test_1 = <span class="string">"RUNOOB"</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(test_1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 没有初始化就为零值</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> test_2 <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(test_2)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// bool 零值为 false</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> test_3 <span class="keyword">bool</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(test_3)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//方式2 = (自动判断类型)</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> test_4 = <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(test_4)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//方式3 := (必须申明新变量)</span></span><br><span class="line">	test_5 := <span class="string">"申明变量"</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(test_5)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//iota，特殊常量，const每申明一次iota+=1</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">const</span> (</span><br><span class="line">		aa = <span class="literal">iota</span>   <span class="comment">//0</span></span><br><span class="line">		bb          <span class="comment">//1</span></span><br><span class="line">		cc          <span class="comment">//2</span></span><br><span class="line">		dd = <span class="string">"ha"</span>   <span class="comment">//独立值，iota += 1</span></span><br><span class="line">		ee          <span class="comment">//"ha"   iota += 1</span></span><br><span class="line">		ff = <span class="number">100</span>    <span class="comment">//iota +=1</span></span><br><span class="line">		gg          <span class="comment">//100  iota +=1</span></span><br><span class="line">		hh = <span class="literal">iota</span>   <span class="comment">//7,恢复计数</span></span><br><span class="line">		ii          <span class="comment">//8</span></span><br><span class="line">	)</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(aa,bb,cc,dd,ee,ff,gg,hh,ii)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 输出：0 1 2 ha ha 100 100 7 8</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 运算符 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 加+ 减- 乘* 除/ 余% 自增++ 自减--</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> operator <span class="keyword">int</span> = <span class="number">20</span></span><br><span class="line">	operator++</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"operator 的值为 %d\n"</span>, operator )</span><br><span class="line">	operator--</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"operator 的值为 %d\n"</span>, operator )</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 关系运算符 判断 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 相等== 不等!= 大于&gt; 小于&lt; 大于等于&gt;= 小于等于&lt;=</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(<span class="number">21</span> == <span class="number">22</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(<span class="number">21</span> != <span class="number">22</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 逻辑运算符 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 与(逻辑and)&amp;&amp; 或(逻辑or)|| 非(逻辑not)!</span></span><br><span class="line">	and1, and2 := <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="literal">false</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (and1 &amp;&amp; and2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		fmt.Println(<span class="string">"条件为true"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (and1 || and2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		fmt.Println(<span class="string">"条件为true"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 位运算符 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 按位与&amp; 按位或| 按位异或^ 左移&lt;&lt; 右移&gt;&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> example <span class="keyword">uint</span> = <span class="number">13</span> <span class="comment">// 13二进制 1101</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(example &gt;&gt; <span class="number">1</span>) <span class="comment">// 右移1位 -&gt; 0110</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 赋值运算符</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	运算符	描述	          实例</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	=		简单的赋值运算符 C = A + B 将 A + B 表达式结果赋值给 C</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	+=		相加后再赋值	  C += A 等于 C = C + A</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	-=		相减后再赋值	  C -= A 等于 C = C - A</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	*=		相乘后再赋值	  C *= A 等于 C = C * A</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	/=		相除后再赋值	  C /= A 等于 C = C / A</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	%=		求余后再赋值	  C %= A 等于 C = C % A</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	&lt;&lt;=		左移后赋值	  C &lt;&lt;= 2 等于 C = C &lt;&lt; 2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	&gt;&gt;=		右移后赋值	  C &gt;&gt;= 2 等于 C = C &gt;&gt; 2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	&amp;=		按位与后赋值	  C &amp;= 2 等于 C = C &amp; 2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	^=		按位异或后赋值	  C ^= 2 等于 C = C ^ 2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	|=		按位或后赋值	  C |= 2 等于 C = C | 2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">	*/</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 其他运算符</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// &amp;返回变量储存地址 *指针变量</span></span><br><span class="line">	var_tmp := <span class="number">99</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(&amp;var_tmp) <span class="comment">// 指针地址</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(*(&amp;var_tmp)) <span class="comment">// 指针的值</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(<span class="string">"谁大一点:"</span>, max(<span class="number">100</span>,<span class="number">99</span>))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	swap_a ,swap_b := swap(<span class="string">"lang"</span>, <span class="string">"go"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(<span class="string">"交换顺序"</span>, swap_a ,swap_b)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 数组</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> balance1 [<span class="number">10</span>] <span class="keyword">float32</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 赋值</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> balance2 = [...]<span class="keyword">float32</span>&#123;<span class="number">1000.0</span>, <span class="number">2.0</span>, <span class="number">3.4</span>, <span class="number">7.0</span>, <span class="number">50.0</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(balance1, balance2)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> salary <span class="keyword">float32</span> = balance2[<span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(salary)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	array()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> book1 Books</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 结构体</span></span><br><span class="line">	book1.title = <span class="string">"三国演义"</span></span><br><span class="line">	book1.bookId = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">	book1.author = <span class="string">"罗贯中"</span></span><br><span class="line">	book1.subject = <span class="string">"历史"</span></span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(book1)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">// 结构体指针</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> book_pointer *Books</span><br><span class="line">	book_pointer = &amp;book1</span><br><span class="line">	fmt.Println(book_pointer)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 函数返回两个数的最大值 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">max</span><span class="params">(num1, num2 <span class="keyword">int</span>)</span> <span class="title">int</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 声明局部变量 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> result <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (num1 &gt; num2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		result = num1</span><br><span class="line">	&#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		result = num2</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> result</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 返回值有多个</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">swap</span><span class="params">(x, y <span class="keyword">string</span>)</span> <span class="params">(<span class="keyword">string</span>, <span class="keyword">string</span>)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> y, x</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">array</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> n [<span class="number">10</span>]<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="comment">/* n 是一个长度为 10 的数组 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> i,j <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 为数组 n 初始化元素 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="number">10</span>; i++ &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		n[i] = i + <span class="number">100</span> <span class="comment">/* 设置元素为 i + 100 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">/* 输出每个数组元素的值 */</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span> j = <span class="number">0</span>; j &lt; <span class="number">10</span>; j++ &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Element[%d] = %d\n"</span>, j, n[j] )</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 结构体 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Books <span class="keyword">struct</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	title   <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">	author  <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">	subject <span class="keyword">string</span></span><br><span class="line">	bookId  <span class="keyword">int</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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    <strong>本文作者： </strong>Ryan Shu
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    <strong>本文链接：</strong>
    <a href="https://notspr.com/2020/04/09/go-basis-exercise-2/" title="Go语言基础练习二">https://notspr.com/2020/04/09/go-basis-exercise-2/</a>
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